Tumor List

It presents as an incidental finding or with mild aching pain during sports or running.

The mass typically presents after a minor change in the training program or an insignificant injury. The lesion increases in size with running and activities and decreases in size with rest and elevation. Pain is usually mild enough to allow continuation of the running program, which in turn leads to the persistence of the lesion.

The clinical presentation of Ewing's sarcoma includes pain and swelling of weeks or months duration. Erythema and warmth of the local area are sometimes seen. Osteomyelitis is often the initial diagnosis based on intermittent fevers, leukocytosis, anemia and an increased ESR.

The majority of osseous granulocytic sarcomas present with skeletal pain referable to the location of the lesion. This tumor has three characteristic clinical presentations: one, in an individual with no known disease where it is a harbinger of acute myelogenous leukemia; two, in an individual with already known myleoproliferative disorder. Subsequent evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy in this case demonstrated this to be granulocytic sarcoma without systemic evidence of acute myelogenous leukemia. The appearance of the tumor in a previously healthy individual presents a significant diagnostic challenge, and 75% of these cases are usually misdiagnosed.

The tumors are slow growing and malignant transformation is rare(2). Most lesions are asymptomatic. The typical solitary tumor presents as a slow growing painless mass which may have been present for 1 to 2 years or more. The discovery of one schwannoma should trigger a careful search for others.

Most lesions are asymptomatic.

Most lesions are asymptomatic.

The skin lesions are cafe au lait patches, which are brown to dark brown and usually found on the trunk. Not all patients with this syndrome have skin patches. Most of the patches had a smooth border. Cafe au lait patches with complex border can also be found. The cutaneous features of neurofibromatosis (NF), such as angiomas and neurofibromas, may also be present. There may be axillary freckling. Recent findings suggest that JCS may be a form of NF. Patients with suspected JCS should be screened for NF.

The disease may be localized or widespread. Most patients present with pain. Other tumors may occur. The number of patients who develop sarcomas varies according to the reports. Patients with extensive lesions have a higher risk. About 15% develop chondrosarcoma, and one-third have other sarcomas, including vascular and fibrous sarcomas. The rate of chondrosarcoma is lower than see in Ollier disease. Other benign and malignant tumors may occur, including pituitary adenoma, glioma, uterine fibroids and polyps, mesenchymal ovarian tumors, adrenal cortical adenoma, fibrosarcoma, and carcinoma of the pancreas.

Mutation of the GS gene in chromosome 20q13 occurs early in development, and results in a mosaic of abnormal and mutated cells. The manifestations of MAS in each individual depend upon the extent and distribution of abnormal cells. Abnormal and prolonged activation of multiple peripheral endocrine glands occurs even while the necessary stimulatory pituitary hormones may be absent. Precocious puberty, with onset of breast development, pubic hair, and the onset of menses as early as the first few months of life may occur in females. Other manifestations include acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and others.

Frequently involved bones include the femur, the tibia, the facial skeleton, and the ribs. Bone fragility and associated fractures are common, and weight-bearing bones may suffer multiple fractures. In the proximal femurs, multiple successive cortical microfractures may result in characteristic bowing of the proximal end of the bone into a "shepherd's crook" deformity.

It presents as a painless or mildly painful joint with swelling.

The lesion most commonly presents as a localized, nodular mass in or adjacent to a joint or tendon sheath. The nodular form occurs around the joints and tendons of the hands and feet. The diffuse form usually involves larger joints, and may involve several adjacent joints.

Similar to those of conventional osteosarcoma.

It usually presents with pain and the recurring lesions.

Pain is the most common symptom. However, if the myeloma occurs in the spine, it will usually present with fast developing paraplegia and gibbous deformity due to the vertebral collapse.

Gradual onset and progression of pain in the joint.

Gradual onset and progression of pain in the joint.

Synovial chondromatosis presents as the gradual onset of monoarticular pain and stiffness. If allowed to continue, the slow, progressive symptoms can result in decreased range of motion, effusions, crepitation and eventual locking of the joint. This condition has also been described in the synovium, soft tissue and bursae. Secondary synovial chondromatosis may be present after long standing osteoarthritis.
There are several possible etiologies for synovial chondromatosis. Trauma is supported by the fact that the process occurs primarily in weight bearing and dominant upper extremity joints. Infection is another possible culprit. Another theory postulates that cartilage shed into the joint is taken up by the synovium.