Tumor List

The onset is described as insidious and occurs over months to years [2]. Iossifidis et al described an insidious, non-specific clinical presentation in their case of ankle synovial chondromatosis [6]. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis is often made following a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographic examination. Patients may report pain and swelling within a joint. This is routinely exacerbated with physical activity. Commonly, the patient may also report aching, reduced range of motion, palpable nodules, locking, or clicking of the joint [7,11]. These lesions may become symptomatic following mechanical compression or irritation of soft tissues, nerves, or malignant transformation. In rare cases, reactive bursas can form over osteochondromas. These may be another source of pain, but can also mimic chondrosarcoma [14]. Conversely, individuals may have no signs or symptoms and it is an incidental finding secondary to another complaint. According to Milgram, this is related to the stage of the lesion [15].

The presentation of synovial sarcoma is variable and may mimic a benign process such as ganglion cyst. The patient may have a mass that has been present for months, years, or even decades, with slow growth and little or no symptoms. There may have been recent rapid growth of a lesion that has been present for years without apparent change. Conversely, some of these sarcomas may be very painful from the outset. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis is 21 months.

It presents more commonly as a pathological fracture than conventional osteosarcoma but has similar epidemiology.

Most patients present with slowly progressive pain, with or without a mass. Symptoms arise when the lesion begins to destroy the cortex and irritate the periosteum or when the weakening of the bone caused by the tumor causes pain due to imminent pathologic fracture. Some giant cell tumors present with a pathologic fracture.

The typical patient has a history of gradually increasing pain. In the foot a mass may be apparent due to the limited soft tissues. Pain from pathological fracture or microfracture may cause the patient to seek treatment.

It usually presents with pain and the recurring lesions.

Clinically, glomus tumors are characterized by a triad of sensitivity to cold, localized tenderness and severe intermittent pain. The pain can be excruciating and is described as a burning or bursting.The exact cause of the pain is not completely understood, but nerve fibers containing the pain neurotransmitter substance P have been identified in the tumor.

Gout
Gout is a disease caused by high levels of Uric Acid in the bloodstream. Crystals of uric acid are deposited on the articular cartilage of the joints causing stiffness and painful episodes of acute arthritis. Gout may present in an atypical patient or in an atypical location in the foot so that the clinician does not include gout in the differential. In these unusual cases the diagnosis may be overlooked even when the clinical picture is typical of gout.

Stress Fracture
Some patients will present with pain and an early stress fracture without any history of prolonged activity or walking. Children may not be able to give a history that is sufficient for the clinician to consider stress fracture in the differential. Plain radiographs may also be misinterpreted.

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
PVNS may cause cystic bone lesions that mimic a neoplastic process.

Gout
Gout is a disease caused by high levels of Uric Acid in the bloodstream. Crystals of uric acid are deposited on the articular cartilage of the joints causing stiffness and painful episodes of acute arthritis. Gout may present in an atypical patient or in an atypical location in the foot so that the clinician does not include gout in the differential. In these unusual cases the diagnosis may be overlooked even when the clinical picture is typical of gout.

Stress Fracture
Some patients will present with pain and an early stress fracture without any history of prolonged activity or walking. Children may not be able to give a history that is sufficient for the clinician to consider stress fracture in the differential. Plain radiographs may also be misinterpreted.

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
PVNS may cause cystic bone lesions that mimic a neoplastic process.

Most UBC's are asymptomatic and only present when a pathological fracture occurs.

It presents as an incidental finding or with mild aching pain during sports or running.

Mild pain or symptoms arising from the nearby joint.